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Materials Used with Progressive 
Lessons in Art Education 


The use of color as a means of expression has 
come to be regarded by educators and psychologists 
as an important factor in the development of the 
child’s mental powers. Of all the color mediums 
practicable within the limitations of the schoolroom, 
water color produces the largest and finest range of 
color possibilities. All the colors needed to produce 
the necessary hues accurately representing nature 
or design in their manifold tone variations can be 
produced by the combination of the three primary 
colors, red, yellow and blue. These three colors, 
however, must be of first quality. The unequalled 
purity of the Prang Primary Colors — Red, Yellow 
and Blue — has established a standard of excellence 
that has often been imitated but has never been 
reached. 

A cake of black water color will be found con¬ 
venient to use in connection with the three prima¬ 
ries, for producing deep shades, or used alone for 
producing pure neutral grays. 

It should be borne in mind that an extended 
palette of eight, twelve, or even more colors is non- 
educational, because it prevents the very result that 
all color training should accomplish — the ability to 
detect, analyze and appreciate the constituent ele¬ 
ments of a color. 

Art Education Colored Crayons contain colors 
that are especially adapted to certain lines of work, 
such as design, free illustration, etc. These crayons 
used in connection with tinted papers for construc¬ 
tive exercises and for various decorative purposes 
are especially helpful and attractive in producing 
results of high artistic merit. These papers as well 
as the colors and craybris mentioned may be ob¬ 
tained of The Prang Educational Company at very 
moderate prices. 



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1 26 1 


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2-3 


















2 



Cover your paper with a water wash. Then 
paint with blue upon the wet paper a picture of 
the sky. 










/ 


4 



Paint the blue sky again. Before it is dry, 
fill your brush with yellow and blue color, and 
paint the green grass. 













c 










On moist paper, paint the blue sky part way 
down. Before it is dry, dip your brush in blue 
and yellow and paint the far off trees. Then paint 
the green grass. 

















































































f 









In a landscape we call the far off trees the 
distance. The part that is near us we call the 
foreground. 












io 



On dry paper, with a brush dipped first 
in blue and then in yellow, paint the seed- 
head of the grass. Then add the stem. Paint 
the leaf with one brush stroke. 







Paint with ink some seed-pods 
on gray paper. First paint the 
stem. Then paint the shapes of 
the pods. 












16 




Paint the shape of the pumpkin on dry paper 
with a yellow wash. While this color is still wet, 
add curved strokes of red from top to bottom. 
Paint the stem in green. 







/ 
















Fold a square of paper to make 
a book cover. Paint a picture for the 
cover. Tie some of your school work 
in the cover. 











20 





21 











One four-inch square of paper will make 
two book-marks. When they are cut and pasted, 
paint upon them holly leaves in green and holly 
berries in bright red. 












Make the box by folding, cutting and 
pasting an eight-inch square of tinted paper. 
Fold on the dotted lines. Cut on the 
heavy lines. 





25 



Weave strips of colored paper one inch 
wide in an eight-inch square of gray paper, 
cut in slits. You will have a pretty mat. 
































26 



This picture makes us think of the Story 
of the Three Bears. Paint a picture about some 
other story that you know. 



































28 



Paint the shape of an open umbrella 
with gray wash or with color. Draw the 
ribs and the handle with the point of the 
brush. 









































> 




































































*■ 




















































































30 



Mary will carry a pail of water across the 
room. Watch her as she walks. Then draw 
her picture with brush and dark gray wash. 



























« 













32 



Pussy has come to school to have her 
picture taken. Draw her picture with brush 
and gray wash. Begin with the head. 







Draw the pussy-willow buds with white 
chalk on gray paper. Then with black crayon 
add the stem and the dark scales. 













\ 









•- 

















36 



Paint the shape of a red and yellow tulip 
with yellow water color. Before this is dry, 
drop in red. Paint the stem in yellow-green 
and the leaf in the same color. Add a little 
blue to the wet shape of the leaf. 






























. 


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40 


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Print the letters of the alphabet. Use 
brush anti ink or black crayon. First make 
the capital letters; then make the small letters. 
Print your name. 

In your number work practice making 
the figures i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, o like those 


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Materials Used with Progressive 
Lessons in Art Education 


The use of color as a means of expression has 
come to be regarded by educators and psychologists 
as an important factor in the development of the 
child’s mental powers. Of all the color mediums 
practicable within the limitations of the schoolroom, 
water color produces the largest and finest range of 
color possibilities. All the colors needed to produce 
the necessary hues accurately representing nature 
or design in their manifold tone variations can be 
produced by the combination of the three primary 
colors, red, yellow and blue. These three colors, 
however, must be of first quality. The unequalled 
purity of the Prang Primary Colors— Red, Yellow 
and Blue —has established a standard of excellence 
that has often been imitated but has never been 
reached. 

A cake of black w’ater color will be found con¬ 
venient to use in connection with the three prima¬ 
ries, for producing deep shades, or used alone for 
producing pure neutral grays. % 

It should be borne in mind that an extended 
palette of eight, twelve, or even more colors is non- 
educational, because it prevents the very result that 
all color training should accomplish —the ability to 
detect, analyze and appreciate the constituent ele¬ 
ments of a color. 

Art Education Colored Crayons contain colors 
that are especially adapted to certain lines of work, 
such as design, free illustration, etc. These crayons 
used in connection with tinted papers for construc¬ 
tive exercises and for various decorative purposes 
are especially helpful and attractive in producing 
results of high artistic merit. These papers as well 
as the colors and crayons'mentioned may be ob¬ 
tained of The Prang Educational Company at very 
moderate prices. 



7 



1 





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4 


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2 


To paint a sunset sky, first cover the paper with a 
water wash. Then paint a few strokes of blue across the 
top. Add some strokes of light red. The colors will 
blend on the moist paper. 














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On moist paper paint a sunset sky, using blue and a 
little red. Before this is dry, paint the foreground with 
green, adding a little red. Red added to green grays or 
dulls it. 




































































e 



Bring to school a maple leaf that 
has turned to scarlet and gold. First 
paint its shape in yellow wash. Then 
drop in red. Paint the twig with 
blended red, yellow and blue. 


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8 



Paint the shape of this red and yellow apple with yellow 
wash. While this is moist, add strokes of red. If your apple 
shows green color, drop a little blue on the yellow wash. 










to 



4 


Fold an eight-inch square of tinted paper as 
shown in Fig. i. Cut on the full lines. Fold and 
paste to make a table. Cut out the openings to form 
the legs. 











5 


Fold a four-inch square of tinted paper into 
nine small squares, as in Fig. i. Cut on the heavy 
lines. Fold and paste to make a chair. Paste an 
oblong of paper to the back. Cut out the openings 
for the legs. 















12 



Fringe a five-inch square of cheese-cloth for a 
table-cloth. One-inch squares of cheese-cloth will make 
fine napkins. For plates, lay a penny on white paper 
and mark around it. Paint the plates blue with 
water color. 






13 



These pictures show us how to make a Christmas- 
tree lantern. Fig. i is a six-inch square of bright colored 
paper. Fig. 2 shows narrow bands of black paper pasted 
across the top and bottom; Fig. 3 the square folded and 
the scissors cutting slits; Fig. 4 the square cut and ready 
to paste; Fig. 5 the right and left edges pasted; Fig. 6 
the hanger added and the pretty lantern done. 












>4 



Cut paper pictures to tell a story. Paste your pict¬ 
ures on a sheet of tinted paper. What is the name of 
your story? 











16 



On dry paper, paint a spray of holly with 
its bright berries. Paint the leaves with a 
brush dipped first in blue, then in yellow, to 
make green. Paint the berries with pure, 
bright red. 











For this calendar paint a design of holly 
leaves and berries on light gray paper, cut 3 x 
4 inches. Paste a small calendar pad in place. 
Draw the figures of the new year where they 
will look the best. Mount this on a larger 
piece of heavy gray paper. 















20 




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21 















4 
















1 











/ 









Some one has brought this fine sail-boat to school. 
We will draw its picture on gray paper. First draw the 
hull of the boat with black crayon. Add the band of 
red. Then draw the mast, and the shapes of the sails. 
Cover these shapes with strokes of white chalk. 












*4 



The little sketches at the top show you how to cut this 
boat shape. Use a four-inch square of colored paper. Do 
not fold the paper. 














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From a four-inch square of dark gray paper fold 
and cut nine small squares. From each small square 
cut a boat shape. Fold a 9 x 12 inch sheet of light 
gray paper for a book cover. Paste the small boat 
shapes in a row near the top. Add a wave line with 
brush and ink. 























28 



Cut hearts from red paper and paste them neatly in 
place on light tinted paper cut 3x4$ inches. Print “ My 
love to you ” with lead pencil or black crayon. Mount 
your valentine on a larger piece of paper, darker in tint. 







Helen will jump the rope while 
we watch her. Jump high, Helen! 
Do not trip! Now we will paint 
your picture with ink. 









32 



Brother Rabbit has come to see us to-day. We will 
give him some lunch. While he eats it, we will paint his 
picture. Begin at the head. Then paint his body. Then 
paint his feet and his fluffy little tail. 






This pretty Easter card is made from a piece of 
light tinted paper, cut 4j x 7 inches. Fold the short 
edges over until they meet at the center of the long 
edges. On the outside of the little doors, paint Easter 
eggs in the color you like best. On the inner panel, 
paint the shape of a rabbit. 











36 



First paint on dry paper the shape of the radish in a 
very light wash of red. Add bright red to the moist shape. 
Then paint the shape of the leaf in a wash of yellow-green, 
adding touches of blue. 





/ 





Bring dandelion plants to school and paint a 
flower and two leaves. Paint the flower with yellow, 
and the stems with light yellow-green, adding a touch 
of red under the calyx, if you see it there. Dip your 
brush first into blue, then into yellow and paint the 
leaves, adding more blue for the darker parts. 




















40 






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Print the letters of the alphabet. Use 
brush and ink or black crayon. First make 
the capital letters; then make the small letters. 
Print your name. 

In your number work practice making 
the figures i, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, o like those 
on this page. 




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Materials Used with Progressive 
Lessons in Art Education 

The use of color as a means of expression has 
come to be regarded by educators and psychologists 
as an important factor in the development of the 
child’s mental powers. Of all the color mediums 
practicable within the limitations of the schoolroom, 
water color produces the largest and finest range of 
color possibilities. All the colors needed to produce 
the necessary hues accurately representing nature 
or design in their manifold tone variations can be 
produced by the combination of thl. three primary 
colors, red, yellow and blue. These three colors, 
however, must be of first quality. The unequalled 
purity of the Prang Primary Colors — Red, Yellow 
and Blue —has established a standard of excellence 
that has often been imitated but has never been 
reached. 

A cake of black water color will be found con¬ 
venient to use in connection with the three prima¬ 
ries, for producing deep shades, or used alone for 
producing pure neutral grays. 

It should be borne in mind that an extended 
palette of eight, twelve, or even more colors is non- 
educational, because it prevents the very result that 
all color training should accomplish the ability to 
detect, analyze and appreciate the constituent ele¬ 
ments of a color. 

Art Education Colored Crayons contain colors 
that are especially adapted to certain lines of work, 
such as design, free illustration, etc. These crayons 
used in connection with tinted papers for construc¬ 
tive exercises and for various decorative purposes 
are especially helpful and attractive in producing 
results of high artistic merit. These papers as well 
as the colors and crayons mentioned may be ob¬ 
tained of The Prang Educational Company at very 
moderate prices. 



'?Uu) , 





Oct Copy 


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r 











When drawing with pencil or crayon from oats 
or other grains, begin with the main stem. Then 
add the slender stems. Draw the seed-heads with 
short strokes. Make the leaves with long strokes. 
Use gray paper. 














4 



Paint with gray washes the shape of a spray of 
golden-rod. Paint the blossoms with short strokes 
using the point of the brush. Then paint the leafy 
stem, — not the stem alone, but the stem and leaves 
together. Use the point of the brush for the stem, 
and the side of the brush for the leaves. 




* 






I 

X 


* 














# 







Paint a maple tree that has turned to scarlet and gold. 
Paint first the shape of the mass of leaves in yellow wash 
(Fig. i). While this color is still wet, drop in red (Fig 2). 
Paint the trunk of the tree in blended red, yellow and blue. 








































t 


8 



Seed-heads of weeds and grasses may be gathered in 
the fall and kept for weeks in the school-room. The teazle 
on this page was painted with black water-color on gray 
paper. The seed-heads were painted in life size, with only 
a short bit of the tall stems. 

Paint ink pictures of seed-heads. 
















io 




Study an onion to find its beautiful colors. First 
paint its shape in a violet wash (Fig. i). Into this wet 
wash drop a little more blue, red or yellow in certain 
places, to get the right color (Fig. 2). Add the tender 
young shoots with yellow-green. 







12 




To make an Indian canoe fold a sheet of 6x9 paper as 
shown in Fig. 1. On the folded sheet, draw the curves 
shown in Fig. 2. Cut the curves, and open, to make Fig. 3. 
Paste the curved edges at the ends together. Paint the 
canoe to imitate birch bark. At the ends of the canoe paint 
Indian symbols. Use part of a wooden toothpick to keep 
the canoe spread. 


















13 



To make an Indian head-dress, cut a piece of manila 
paper to a size measuring 6x12 inches (Fig. 1). About an 
inch up from the bottom, draw a line, setting off the band. 
Cut a feather-shaped point six inches long and an inch wide 
at the base (Fig. 2). Place this in the middle of the large 
sheet, and trace around it, down to the band. Trace three 
feather shapes, on each side of the middle shape, lowering 
the point a little for each (Fig. 3). With paints or colored 
crayon, color the feather shapes bright red, yellow, green, 
etc. (Fig. 4). Cut away the paper outside the feather shapes 
(Fig. 5). Decorate the band. An extra piece of paper must 
be cut, decorated and pasted, at the ends of the headpiece to 
make the circle for the head (Fig. 6). 





















14 



Use an eight-inch square of tinted construction 
paper to make this bed. Figs, i, 2, 3 and 4 show 
how to fold, cut and paste it. The dotted lines are 
folds; the full lines are to be cut. Make the pillow 
shades of stiff white paper. Make the spread of 
paper or of fringed cheese-cloth. 

























15 



This pretty dresser for a doll’s bedroom is 
made from an eight-inch square of tinted construc¬ 
tion paper. The little drawings show you what to 
do. Make the mirror of silver paper if you have 
it, or of thin white paper, pasted in place. Make a 
scarf of white paper or of fringed cheese-cloth. 




















16 



From a 9 x 12 sheet of tinted construction paper cut 
an eight-inch square and fold it as shown in Fig. x. Fold 
on the dotted lines and cut on the full lines. Follow the 
steps as shown in the drawings, through Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 
5. In Fig. 5 the space C and the opposite space are open. 
To close them and to support the key-board, fold a strip of 
paper (Fig. 6) to look like Fig. 7. Paste the squares A 
and B in Fig. 7 under A and B in Fig. 5. Mark a strip 
of white paper for the key-board (Fig. 8) and paste in place. 
Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12 and 15 show how to fold, cut and paste 
the legs. Figs. 13 and 14 show the music rack. 


























































To make a wash of graded color, cover a piece of 
manila paper cut yA x 7 inches with a water wash. While 
the paper is wet, lay across the top a brush stroke of wet 
color, — yellow, red or blue. Squeeze the color from the 
brush and add more water to the color on the paper, wash¬ 
ing down the tint to the lower edge of the paper. When 
this graded tint is dry, turn the paper so that the light 
tint is at the top. Paint leaf or flower forms on the 
light part, using a dark tint of the same color as the 
graded wash. 




You can make a lantern for the Christmas 
tree from your graded wash. Paste narrow 
strips of black paper across the upper and lower 
edges, as shown in Fig. 2, page 17. (Manila 
paper may be painted black with ink or with 
black water-color.) Then paste the short edges 
of the sheet of graded color together, holding 
them firmly until the paste dries. Add the 
handle. 










































# 


t 


4 



/ 



Bring toys to school that you would like to draw. 
Your teacher will select those best for a lesson. Make 
large drawings on gray paper, using black crayon with 
touches of colored crayon or white chalk, if the toys sug¬ 
gest it. 















*4 



With dark gray paper, black crayon and white chalk, 
you can make a winter landscape, showing moonlight. 
First put in the distance using short vertical strokes, of 
black crayon for this, as shown in Fig. i. Then put on 
a foreground of snow, using horizontal strokes of white 
chalk. Do not try to hide the gray paper entirely with 
these strokes. With white chalk add the bright, round 
moon. 























26 



Who has brought skates to school this cold day? 
Let us play that Herbert is going skating. Put on your 
cap and scarf, Herbert, and button up your warm over¬ 
coat. Let us see how you look. Can you skate across 
the school-room floor for us? We will paint your picture. 

















28 



Make a double heart for a valentine. Use a piece 
of white drawing paper cut 4 x 8 inches (Fig. 1). Fold 
it across the middle (Fig. 2). Draw a heart shape on 
the folded square (Fig. 3). Cut on the curves, leaving 
“ hinges ” (Fig. 4). Print a message on the inside 
(Fig* 5)- Cut a small heart from red paper and paste 
it in the middle of the outside. 









29 



Make an envelope for the heart-shaped valentine. Use 
a sheet of 9 x 12 paper and fold it into sixteen oblongs 
(Fig. 1). Draw lines as shown in Fig. 1. Cut out and 
fold the envelope. Place the valentine in it and seal it by 
pasting a small red heart as shown in Fig. 2. 





Prince will pose for us to-day. We must paint fast, 
for he will soon tire of keeping one position. Paint him 
as he stands, sits up or lies down. Use ink and gray 
paper. 






32 



Horse-chestnut buds are so large and so beautiful that it 
is a pleasure to paint them either in colors or in gray washes. 
Begin with the bud, painting its shape in light gray wash. 
When this is almost dry, add the scales and the sturdy stem 
in darker gray. Use gray paper and ink or black water-color. 




34 



Fold a sheet of gray paper to use as a cover for 
your spelling lessons. Trim your painting of the budded 
twig and mount it neatly as a decoration for your cover. 
Add the lettering. Fasten your spelling papers in your 
cover with brass fasteners. 






You can paint daffodils in color or in grays. If you use 
color, begin by painting on dry paper the flower shapes in yellow. 
Add the calyx and stems with a touch of orange blending into 
green. For the leaves, dip the brush first in yellow, then into 
blue, and paint a leaf with one brush stroke. Drop in more blue 
or more yellow to get the right color. Trim your painting and 
mount it neatly on tinted paper. 




















38 




2 


Bring a handful of daisy blossoms to 
school. Lay them in a border arrangement 
on a strip of manila paper, cut 2x9 inches 
(Fig. 1). Then draw the border on green 
construction paper, using white chalk for 
the petals and yellow crayon for the centers. 
Make all the petals even and all the flowers 
just alike (Fig. 2). 










This sketch shows a design for a 
book-cover, made of green construction 
paper, and decorated with a daisy border. 
Make one like it, of a size large enough 
to hold your spring sketches. 







40 


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